A simple, secure and extensible framework for IoT projects built on ESP8266/ESP32 platforms with responsive [React](https://reactjs.org/) front-end built with [Material-UI](https://material-ui.com/).
The project is configured to upload over a serial connection by default. You can change this to use OTA updates by uncommenting the relevant lines in ['platformio.ini'](platformio.ini).
The interface has been configured with create-react-app and react-app-rewired so the build can customized for the target device. The large artefacts are gzipped and source maps and service worker are excluded from the production build. This reduces the production build to around ~150k, which easily fits on the device.
The interface will be automatically built by PlatformIO before it builds the firmware. The project can be configured to serve the interface from either PROGMEM or SPIFFS as your project requires. The default configuration is to serve the content from PROGMEM, serving from SPIFFS requires an additional upload step which is documented below.
By default, the project is configured to serve the interface from PROGMEM.
> **Tip**: You do not need to upload a file system image unless you configure the framework to [serve the interface from SPIFFS](#serving-the-interface-from-spiffs).
The interface will consume ~150k of program space which can be problematic if you already have a large binary artefact or if you have added large dependencies to the interface. The ESP32 binaries are fairly large in there simplest form so the addition of the interface resources requires us to use special partitioning for the ESP32.
When building using the "node32s" profile, the project uses the custom [min_spiffs.csv](https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/tools/partitions/min_spiffs.csv) partitioning mode. You may want to disable this if you are manually uploading the file system image:
If you choose to serve the interface from SPIFFS you will need to change the default configuration and upload the file system image manually.
Disable `-D PROGMEM_WWW build` flag in ['platformio.ini'](platformio.ini) and re-build the firmware. The build process will now copy the compiled interface to the `data/` directory and it may be uploaded to the device by pressing the "Upload File System image" button:
UI development is an iterative process so it's best to run a development server locally during interface development (using `npm start`). This can be accomplished by deploying the backend to a device and configuring the interface to point to it:
You can enable CORS on the back end by uncommenting the -D ENABLE_CORS build flag in ['platformio.ini'](platformio.ini) then re-building and uploading the firmware to the device. The default settings assume you will be accessing the development server on the default port on [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000) this can also be changed if required:
The interface has a development environment which is enabled when running the development server using `npm start`. The environment file can be found in ['interface/.env.development'](interface/.env.development) and contains the HTTP root URL and the WebSocket root URL:
Change to the ['interface'](interface) directory with your bash shell (or Git Bash) and use the standard commands you would with any react app built with create-react-app:
Install the npm dependencies, if required and start the development server:
```bash
npm install
npm start
```
> **Tip**: You can (optionally) speed up the build by commenting out the call to build_interface.py under "extra scripts" during local development. This will prevent the npm process from building the production release every time the firmware is compiled significantly decreasing the build time.
Many of the framework's built in features may be enabled or disabled as required at compile time. This can help save sketch space and memory if your project does not require the full suite of features. The access point and WiFi management features are "core features" and are always enabled. Feature selection may be controlled with the build flags defined in [features.ini](features.ini).
Customize the settings as you see fit. A value of 0 will disable the specified feature:
FT_PROJECT | Controls whether the "project" section of the UI is enabled. Disable this if you don't intend to have your own screens in the UI.
FT_SECURITY | Controls whether the [security features](#security-features) are enabled. Disabling this means you won't need to authenticate to access the device and all authentication predicates will be bypassed.
FT_MQTT | Controls whether the MQTT features are enabled. Disable this if your project does not require MQTT support.
FT_NTP | Controls whether network time protocol synchronization features are enabled. Disable this if your project does not require accurate time.
FT_OTA | Controls whether OTA update support is enabled. Disable this if you won't be using the remote update feature.
FT_UPLOAD_FIRMWARE | Controls the whether the manual upload firmware feature is enabled. Disable this if you won't be manually uploading firmware.
The framework has built-in factory settings which act as default values for the various configurable services where settings are not saved on the file system. These settings can be overridden using the build flags defined in [factory_settings.ini](factory_settings.ini).
It is recommended that you change the user credentials from their defaults better protect your device. You can do this in the user interface, or by modifying [factory_settings.ini](factory_settings.ini) as mentioned above.
Changing factory time zone setting is a common requirement. This requires a little effort because the time zone name and POSIX format are stored as separate values for the moment. The time zone names and POSIX formats are contained in the UI code in [TZ.tsx](interface/src/ntp/TZ.tsx). Take the appropriate pair of values from there, for example, for Los Angeles you would use:
If not overridden with a build flag, the framework will use the device ID to generate factory defaults for settings such as the JWT secret and MQTT client ID.
This project supports ESP8266 and ESP32 platforms. To support OTA programming, enough free space to upload the new sketch and file system image will be required. It is recommended that a board with at least 2mb of flash is used.
The settings file ['platformio.ini'](platformio.ini) configures the supported environments. Modify these, or add new environments for the devides you need to support. The default environments are as follows:
If you want to build for a different device, all you need to do is re-configure ['platformio.ini'](platformio.ini) and select an alternative environment by modifying the default_envs variable. Building for the common esp32 "node32s" board for example:
The app can be easily themed by editing the [MaterialUI theme](https://material-ui.com/customization/theming/). Edit the theme in ['interface/src/CustomMuiTheme.tsx'](interface/src/CustomMuiTheme.tsx) as you desire. For example, here is a dark theme:
You can replace the app icon is located at ['interface/public/app/icon.png'](interface/public/app/icon.png) with one of your preference. A 256 x 256 PNG is recommended for best compatibility.
The app name displayed on the sign in page and on the menu bar can be modified by editing the REACT_APP_NAME property in ['interface/.env'](interface/.env)
There is also a manifest file which contains the app name to use when adding the app to a mobile device, so you may wish to also edit ['interface/public/app/manifest.json'](interface/public/app/manifest.json):
The back end is a set of REST endpoints hosted by a [ESPAsyncWebServer](https://github.com/me-no-dev/ESPAsyncWebServer) instance. The ['lib/framework'](lib/framework) directory contains the majority of the back end code. The framework contains of a number of useful utility classes which you can use when extending it. The project also comes with a demo project to give you some help getting started.
The framework's source is split up by feature, for example [WiFiScanner.h](lib/framework/WiFiScanner.h) implements the end points for scanning for available networks where as [WiFiSettingsService.h](lib/framework/WiFiSettingsService.h) handles configuring the WiFi settings and managing the WiFi connection.
The ['src/main.cpp'](src/main.cpp) file constructs the webserver and initializes the framework. You can add endpoints to the server here to support your IoT project. The main loop is also accessable so you can run your own code easily.
The framework promotes a modular design and exposes features you may re-use to speed up the development of your project. Where possible it is recommended that you use the features the frameworks supplies. These are documented in this section and a comprehensive example is provided by the demo project.
The [StatefulService.h](lib/framework/StatefulService.h) class is responsible for managing state. It has an API which allows other code to update or respond to updates in the state it manages. You can define a data class to hold state, then build a StatefulService class to manage it. After that you may attach HTTP endpoints, WebSockets or MQTT topics to the StatefulService instance to provide commonly required features.
Here is a simple example of a state class and a StatefulService to manage it:
An "originId" is passed to the update handler which may be used to identify the origin of an update. The default origin values the framework provides are:
websocket:{clientId} | An update sent over WebSocket (WebSocketRxTx)
StatefulService exposes a read function which you may use to safely read the state. This function takes care of protecting against parallel access to the state in multi-core enviornments such as the ESP32.
```cpp
lightStateService.read([&](LightState& state) {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, state.on ? HIGH : LOW); // apply the state update to the LED_PIN
StatefulService also exposes an update function which allows the caller to update the state with a callback. This function automatically calls the registered update handlers if the state has been changed. The example below changes the state of the light (turns it on) using the arbitrary origin "timer" and returns the "CHANGED" state update result, indicating that a change was made:
When reading or updating state from an external source (HTTP, WebSockets, or MQTT for example) the state must be marshalled into a serializable form (JSON). SettingsService provides two callback patterns which facilitate this internally:
JsonStateReader | void read(T& settings, JsonObject& root) | Reading the state object into a JsonObject
JsonStateUpdater | StateUpdateResult update(JsonObject& root, T& settings) | Updating the state from a JsonObject, returning the appropriate StateUpdateResult
The framework provides an [HttpEndpoint.h](lib/framework/HttpEndpoint.h) class which may be used to register GET and POST handlers to read and update the state over HTTP. You may construct an HttpEndpoint as a part of the StatefulService or separately if you prefer.
Endpoint security is provided by authentication predicates which are [documented below](#security-features). The SecurityManager and authentication predicate may be provided if a secure endpoint is required. The placeholder project shows how endpoints can be secured.
[FSPersistence.h](lib/framework/FSPersistence.h) allows you to save state to the filesystem. FSPersistence automatically writes changes to the file system when state is updated. This feature can be disabled by calling `disableUpdateHandler()` if manual control of persistence is required.
The code below demonstrates how to extend the LightStateService class to provide persistence:
[WebSocketTxRx.h](lib/framework/WebSocketTxRx.h) allows you to read and update state over a WebSocket connection. WebSocketTxRx automatically pushes changes to all connected clients when state is updated.
The code below demonstrates how to extend the LightStateService class to provide an unsecured WebSocket:
WebSocket security is provided by authentication predicates which are [documented below](#security-features). The SecurityManager and authentication predicate may be provided if a secure WebSocket is required. The placeholder project shows how WebSockets can be secured.
The framework includes an MQTT client which can be configured via the UI. MQTT requirements will differ from project to project so the framework exposes the client for you to use as you see fit. The framework does however provide a utility to interface StatefulService to a pair of pub/sub (state/set) topics. This utility can be used to synchronize state with software such as Home Assistant.
[MqttPubSub.h](lib/framework/MqttPubSub.h) allows you to publish and subscribe to synchronize state over a pair of MQTT topics. MqttPubSub automatically pushes changes to the "pub" topic and reads updates from the "sub" topic.
The code below demonstrates how to extend the LightStateService class to interface with MQTT:
The demo project allows the user to modify the MQTT topics via the UI so they can be changed without re-flashing the firmware.
### Security features
The framework has security features to prevent unauthorized use of the device. This is driven by [SecurityManager.h](lib/framework/SecurityManager.h).
On successful authentication, the /rest/signIn endpoint issues a [JSON Web Token (JWT)](https://jwt.io/) which is then sent using Bearer Authentication. The framework come with built-in predicates for verifying a users access privileges. The built in AuthenticationPredicates can be found in [SecurityManager.h](lib/framework/SecurityManager.h) and are as follows:
Predicate | Description
-------------------- | -----------
NONE_REQUIRED | No authentication is required.
IS_AUTHENTICATED | Any authenticated principal is permitted.
IS_ADMIN | The authenticated principal must be an admin.
You can use the security manager to wrap any request handler function with an authentication predicate:
The core features use the [StatefulService.h](lib/framework/StatefulService.h) class and can therefore you can change settings or observe changes to settings through the read/update API.
